Sezvo vanhu vachinyanya kutarisisa nharaunda yemukati, zvinhu zvinobata ruzha, senzira yakakosha yekuvandudza nharaunda yemukati, zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvivakwa zvakasiyana-siyana, mota, uye michina. Saka, chii chinonzi musimboti wezvinhu zvinobata ruzha?
Iyo inzwi-inobata musimboti wezvinwiwa-zvinopfekwa zvinogona kuverengerwa kumhando mbiri: mweya impedance mhando uye pore impedance mhando. Misimboti miviri iyi ichatsanangurwa zvakadzama pazasi.
Chekutanga, mhepo impedance mhando inobata ruzha
Mhepo impedance yemhando-inobata-inzwi zvinhu zvinoshandisa kutarisisa uye kutapurirana kwemafungu eruzha negasi gasi pamusoro pechinhu kuti uwane kutorwa kwezwi. Kunyanya, kana masaisai eruzha akarova pamusoro pechinhu chinotora ruzha, anopindirana negasi repamusoro pechinhu chacho. Ndiko kuti, chikamu chemafungu eruzha chinoratidzwa, uye chimwe chikamu chemafungu chinonzwika chinopfuura nepakati pegasi uye chinopinda mukati memukati meizwi-inobata zvinhu, uye zvino inoramba ichiratidzira, inoderedza, uye inoparadzira mukati mechinhu, uye pakupedzisira inotendeuka kuita kupisa simba uye inobatwa.
Muchiitiko ichi, iyo impedance yegasi gasi chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuratidzwa uye kutapurirana kwemafungu eruzha. Iyo yakakura mutsauko pakati peiyo impedance yegasi layer uye impedance yemhepo, iyo yakasimba kugona kwemafungu eruzha kupfuura nepamusoro pechinhu, nekudaro kuwana zvirinani kutorwa kwenzwi. Naizvozvo, mhepo impedance-inotora ruzha zvinhu zvinowanzo shandisa dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzakakosha pamusoro pechinhu, sekuwedzera porous zvinhu, kuderedza kuomarara kwepamusoro, kuwedzera kuoma kwepamusoro, nezvimwewo, kuwedzera kuvharwa kwegasi gasi, nekudaro kuvandudza kurira-kunwa mhedzisiro.
Chechipiri, pore impedance type-absorbing zvinhu
Pore impedance mhando-inobata ruzha ndiko kushandiswa kweiyo pore chimiro mukati mechinhu pane inonzwika wave kuratidza, kuparadzira uye kunyura kuti uwane kutorwa kwezwi. Nheyo yakakosha yepore impedance-inotora ruzha zvinhu ndeyekuti mafungu anonzwika ari mukati mechinhu anopindirana nemhepo mamorekuru mukati mechinhu, zvichikonzera shanduko yedzvinyiriro uye kufamba, nokudaro ichigadzira kuratidza, kupararira uye kunyura.
Kusiyana nemhepo-impedance-inobata-inzwi zvinhu, ruzha-inobata mhedzisiro yepore-impedance-inopfava-inzwi zvinhu zvine chekuita neiyo pore chimiro chechinhu. Kunyanya, kana iyo dhayamita yepore yakakura kupfuura yewavelength inonzwika, ruzha rwemhepo runogona kupinda mupore, resonance uye kunyura; uye kana pore dhayamita iri diki pane ruzha wavelength, ruzha wave haigoni kupinda mukati mukati pore, asi chete mugomba rakapoterera kuratidzira uye kuparadzira.
Saka, zvinhu zvinobata ruzha ne pore impedance zvinowanzoshandisa dhizaini yakasarudzika ye pore structure kuti zviwane mhedzisiro yakanaka yekupinza ruzha . Semuenzaniso, zvimwe zvinhu zvinobata ruzha ne pore-impedance zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zve multi-layer fiber, uye chimiro che pore che layer yega yega ye fiber chakasiyana, kuti zviwane kupinza ruzha rwema frequency akasiyana. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinobata ruzha ne pore-impedance zvakagadzirwa ne furo kana maumbirwo ehuchi, ayo anoshandisa ma pores nemaburi ehukuru hwakasiyana kuti awane mhedzisiro yekupinza ruzha.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti ruzha-inobata mhedzisiro yemhepo-impedance uye pore-impedance-inopfava zvinhu zvinobatwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei, senge ukobvu hwezvinhu, density, porosity, nzira dzekurapa pamusoro uye zvichingodaro. Naizvozvo, kana uchigadzira nekusarudza zvinhu zvinobata ruzha, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise chaiwo mamiriro ekushandisa uye zvinodiwa, uye sarudza iyo yakanyanya kufanira-inotora ruzha zvinhu.
pfupiso
Iyo inzwi-inobata musimboti yezvinhu zvinotora ruzha zvinogona kupfupikiswa kuita mhando mbiri: mweya-impedance mhando uye pore-impedance mhando. Mhepo impedance yemhando-inotora ruzha ndeye kushandisa gasi rakagadzika pamusoro pechinhu kuratidza uye kufambisa masaisai eruzha kuti uone kunyudzwa kweruzha, nepo pore impedance mhando inobata ruzha kushandisa iyo yemukati pore chimiro chechinhu kuratidza, kuparadzira uye kubata masaisai eruzha kuti uone kutorwa kwezwi. Mukushandisa kunoshanda, zvinodikanwa kusarudza iyo yakanyanya kufanira-inobata-inzwi zvinhu zvinoenderana nechaiyo mamiriro ekushandisa uye zvinodiwa, uye panguva imwe chete, teerera kune kukanganiswa kwehunyoro hwechinyorwa, density, porosity, kurapwa kwepamusoro uye zvimwe zvinhu pane iyo inzwi-inotora maitiro.
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