Nitrogen-based flame retardants
Zvidziviriro zvemurazvo zvine nitrogen, chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pamelamine nezvinhu zvinobva mairi, zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kushandiswa zvega kana kuti ndizvo zvikamu zvikuru zvezvidziviriro zvemurazvo zvinopinda mukati. Izvi zvinodziviriro zvemurazvo hazvina halogen, hazvipfuuri utsi hwakawanda, hazvipisi uye hazvina chiedza, zvine simba rakanaka rekudziviriro yemurazvo uye mutengo wakaderera. Dambudziko nazvo nderekuti mapurasitiki azvinoshandiswa kudziviriro yemurazvo akaoma kugadzirisa uye haana kupararira zvakanaka muzvinhu zvepasi. Zvinodiwa pahukuru hwezvidziviriro uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvidziviriro zvakanyanya kuoma uye dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwa kushanda pamwe chete. Pamusoro pemelamine, kunewo melamine cyanurate (MCA) , phosphates, borates, guanidine salts, dicyandiamide salts, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinodziviriro yemurazvo zvinoshandiswa muPA, PU nePO. Zvinogona kushandiswa muPA, PU, PO, PET, PS, PVC uye epoxy resins, uye zvakakodzerawo machira, pendi, huni nepepa.
Imwe yemashandisirwo makuru enitrogen-ine makomisheni senge inodzoreredza murazvo inosanganiswa nephosphorus-ine inodzoreredza moto kuti uwane synergistic phosphorus-nitrogen effect. Misanganiswa yenitrogen-ine makomboni ane phosphorous-containing compounds ane yakakwira-flame-retardant effect pa cellulose pane kuwanda kwe-flame-retardant effects of the individual compounds. Nitrogen inosimudzira phosphorylation ye cellulose ne phosphoric acid uye nekudaro inobatsira mukuzvimba-inodzoreredza murazvo. Naizvozvo, iyo inoshanda zvikamu zveakawanda intumescent flame retardants ndeye phosphorus uye nitrogen.
Melamine
Melamine (MA) haibatike, inonyungudika nyore nyore kana ichipisa, uye inoora kana ichipisa zvakanyanya. Zvikonzero nei iri yakanakisa murazvo retardant ndeiyi:
- Kuora kwekuita kunoitika pa250 kusvika ku450 ° C, kunotora huwandu hwekupisa uye kupa ammonia kuti iite zvakasiyana-siyana zvekondensate;
- Iko kugona kupesvedzera maitiro ekunyunguduka kwechinhu uye nekumhanyisa charing yayo kuita coke.
Melamine inodhura, isingasviki, isingatsamwisi kune ganda nemaziso, uye kwete mutagen. Chakashata ndechekuti inoburitsa muchetura cyanide kana yaora pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Melamine chinhu chinoshandiswa nevakawanda chinodzoreredza murazvo, kunyanya sechikamu chezvinodzoreredza murazvo wemoto uye murazvo unodzoreredza polyurethane uye triazine resins. Inoshandiswa musanganiswa nemvura phosphate esters, melamine inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupisa furo retard polyurethane.
Melamine cyanrate
Melamine cyanrate inogadzirwa nekuita melamine ine cyanuric acid, inonzi MCA. Iyo inozora uye inodzoreredza murazvo, chena crystalline poda, isinganhuhwi uye isinganakidze. Yakagadzikana zvakanyanya pasi pe300°C uye inotanga kudzika kusvika 350°C, asi haiori, tembiricha yekuora kwayo ingangoita 440~450°C. MCA ine yakakwira nitrogen yemukati, iri nyore kwazvo kutora unyoro, yakanyanya tembiricha kupera simba mumarasha, kupisa nitrogen gasi, kudzikisa huwandu hweokisijeni uye kuparara kwepolymer kunogadzirwa negasi. Uyezve, chizvarwa chegasi uye kupisa kwemhepo kunobvisa chikamu chekupisa, nokudaro kupa basa rinopisa moto.
MCA inoshandiswa zvakanyanya murabha, naironi, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, acrylic emulsions uye mamwe olefin resins. MCA inoshandiswa semurazvo wemoto we epoxy resins. Iyo okisijeni index inowedzerwa kubva pa24% kusvika 28% kusvika 46% kusvika 48% uye inonyanya kukodzera murazvo wemagetsi unodzora zvikamu uye zvikamu. Iyo inowedzerwa kune vinyl acetate emulsions, acrylate emulsions uye emulsions erubha kugadzira machira anodzoreredza moto ane yakanakisa smear adhesion uye yakatsetseka, uye isina kusvibiswa kwemavara.
MCA imushonga unodzivirira moto wetriazine une hunhu hwakanaka uye kushandiswa kwayo kana kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinodzivirira moto kunoshanda zvakanyanya pane kushandisa melamine chete.
Melamine phosphonates
Melamine phosphonates inogona kugadzirirwa kubva ku melamine uye monophenylphosphonic acid. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti zvakaoma kugadzirira uye kudzivirira kubva pakupupa kana kusanganiswa ne polyolefins, degassing inoitwa. Izvi zvinodzosa moto zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemavara. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semurazvo wemoto we polyolefins uye polystyrene.
Melamine pyrophosphate
Melamine pyrophosphate inogona kugadzirwa nekurapa melamine nephosphoric acid yozodziisa pa250-270°C. Kune akawanda anodzoreredza murazvo wefibre, machira uye mamwe mapurasitiki, asi murazvo unodzoreredza mhedzisiro pamapurasitiki epolyurethane haugutsi, nepo melamine pyrophosphate inogona kushandiswa nemazvo kupfuta retard polyurethane mapurasitiki. Flame retardant polypropylene nekuita kwayo chigadzirwa nepentaerythritol kana maitiro ayo chigadzirwa nepentaerythritol uye phosphoric acid inogonawo kugadzira isingabatike, isingadonhe yakatsva coking zvinhu.
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